Overview of Lithium Batteries
Lithium batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator. According to different cathode materials, it can be divided into various types such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate. Among them, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate and lithium nickel cobalt aluminate are widely used in the power and energy storage fields.
What is the difference between energy storage lithium batteries and power lithium batteries? As lithium battery pack technology gradually matures and costs gradually decline, China’s energy storage market and power battery fields have gradually expanded. In recent years, the energy storage and new energy vehicle industries have developed Rapidly, enter a period of rapid growth. Below, the editor of Cuneng Electric will introduce you to energy storage lithium batteries and power lithium batteries.
Power Lithium Battery Industry Overview
Forecast of global market development of power lithium batteries
Global new energy vehicle sales will reach 5.07 million units in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 63%. By 2025, global new energy vehicle sales are expected to reach 16.51 million units, with a compound growth rate of 39.5% from 2020 to 2025.
In 2021, the global installed capacity of power batteries will reach 296GWh, a year-on-year increase of 153%. By 2025, the installed vehicle volume is expected to reach 1,128GWh, with a compound growth rate of 30.7% from 2020 to 2025.
Power lithium battery: Power battery refers to a power source with large electrical energy capacity and output power. Power battery is a power source that provides power for tools. It mostly refers to lithium batteries that provide power for electric vehicles, electric trains, electric bicycles, and golf carts. New The power source of energy vehicles is generally mainly power batteries.
(1) When all batteries are new, use a discharge meter to test the battery capacity. Generally, the capacity of power lithium batteries is around 1000-1500mAh;
(2) Power lithium batteries are used as batteries for driving power supplies for electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric equipment and tools; used in power transmission substations and for power machines;
(3) The BMS of electric vehicles has an energy exchange relationship with the motor and charger at high voltage; in terms of communication, it interacts with the charger during the charging process and has information exchange with the vehicle controller during the entire application process. The most detailed information exchange.
(4) The current mainstream battery types for power lithium battery electric vehicles are lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries.
According to different battery cell packaging technology routes, there are three main shapes: Prismatic, cylindrical, and soft package. At present, prismatic batteries account for more than 80% of the domestic market, while cylindrical batteries and soft-pack batteries account for approximately 15% and 5% respectively.
(5) Power lithium batteries focus more on charging and discharging power, requiring fast charging rates, high output power, and resistance to vibration, with particular emphasis on higher safety and high energy density to achieve long-lasting endurance, as well as weight and volume. Lightweight requirements;
(6) Power lithium batteries refer to batteries that provide power for transportation vehicles, generally compared to small batteries that provide energy for portable electronic devices;
Energy Storage Lithium Battery Industry Overview
Energy storage lithium battery: Energy storage mainly refers to the storage of electrical energy. Energy storage lithium batteries mainly refer to lithium battery packs used in solar power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and renewable energy storage.
It is expected that the world’s newly installed energy storage capacity will reach 130.9GW/318.1GWh in 2025, with a compound growth rate of 79% from 2021 to 2025. By 2030, the newly added energy storage installed capacity will reach 535.8GW/1575.0GWh, with a compound growth rate of 55% from 2021 to 2030.
- The capacity of energy storage lithium battery pack is above 2000mAh, and some can reach 3400mAh.
- Energy storage lithium battery packs are mainly used in energy storage power stations such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, peak regulation and frequency modulation power auxiliary services, digital products, power products, medical and security, and UPS power supplies.
- In the energy storage system, the energy storage lithium battery only interacts with the energy storage converter at high voltage. The converter takes power from the AC power grid to charge the battery pack; or the battery pack supplies power to the converter, and the electric energy Convert it into AC through a converter and send it to the AC power grid;
- Energy storage lithium battery energy storage power stations often use lithium iron phosphate batteries for safety and economic reasons when choosing lithium battery packs. Some energy storage power stations use lead-acid batteries and lead-carbon batteries;
- The preparation of energy storage lithium batteries emphasizes battery capacity, especially operational stability and service life. More consideration should be given to battery module consistency. In terms of battery materials, attention should be paid to expansion rate and energy density, uniformity of electrode material performance, etc., in order to Pursue long life and low cost of overall energy storage equipment.
- Ordinary energy storage lithium batteries are primary batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and use non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. They are different from rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion polymer batteries.
Due to their high energy density, long service life, and wide applicable temperature range, lithium-ion batteries have dominated the electrochemical energy storage installed capacity in China’s energy storage market in recent years, accounting for 88.8% of the total installed capacity.
In 2023, lithium iron phosphate batteries accounted for 95.5% of my country’s power system energy storage lithium battery shipments.
The advantage of lithium iron phosphate is its strong thermal stability and high material structure stability. Therefore, its safety, reliability, cycle life and full-cycle cost are superior to ternary lithium batteries, and its battery characteristics are more suitable for power system applications.
