Ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ mmiri na Africa, Eshia, na Latin America: Ike arụnyere ọhụrụ CAGR na-atụ anya iru 14% site na 2023 ruo 2028
Ahịa Eshia-Africa-Latin America bụ ahịa ike ikuku nke atọ kachasị ukwuu na-esote Europe na United States. Na 2023, ike ikuku ikuku arụnyere ọhụrụ ga-abụ 13.7GW, na-aza 38%. A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-eto eto n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, na ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ ga-eru 26.5GW na 2028, na CAGR nke ike arụnyere ọhụrụ site na 2023 ruo 2028 ga-eru 14%, tumadi n'ihi uto n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ. nke Asia, Africa na Latin America.
Ebe etiti Eshia: Kazakhstan nwere ike ike ikuku kacha ukwuu (354 GW)
Ọdịdị Kazakhstan nke 2023 ike oriri na nkesa akụrụngwa ike ikuku.
Kazakhstan nwere akụrụngwa ike ikuku kacha baa ọgaranya n'etiti mba ise dị n'Ebe Etiti Eshia. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọ dị na eriri ikuku nke ugwu ma nwee ihu igwe siri ike. Ifufe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na-emeri n'afọ niile. Ike ikuku nwere ike iru 354GW, ebe mba anọ ndị ọzọ erughị 10GW.
Kazakhstan: Otu ike Ọdịdị & enweghị ahaghị nhata na ike ọkọnọ na ọchịchọ n'etiti ugwu na ndịda, mkpa ịzụlite ume ọhụrụ.
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(1) Otu ike ikike ikike: Kazakhstan nwere otu n'ime coal nwere oke n'ụwa, ma bụrụkwa onye na-emepụta mmanụ na nnukwu onye na-emepụta gas na Central Asia. Na-ewere usoro oriri ike na 2023 dị ka ọmụmaatụ, 87.25% nke ngụkọta ọkụ eletrik sitere na mmanụ ọkụ, nke coal na-akpata ihe karịrị ọkara.
(2) Enweghị ike na-enye ọkụ na ọchịchọ dị n'etiti ugwu na ndịda: A na-etinye ike ọkụ na mpaghara ugwu ebe akụ na ụba coal bara ụba, ebe ike ọkụ na obodo ndịda na-eme ihe dị ka 70% nke mba ahụ. Ọkụ eletrik ezughi oke ma ọ dị mkpa ka ebuga ya n'ebe ugwu n'ebe dị anya. Akụ ikuku kwekọrọ na ndịda bara ụba nke ukwuu.
(3) Ebumnuche: Strategy Development Kazakhstan 2050: Ntuziaka amụma ọhụrụ maka steeti na-aga nke ọma na-atụ aro na ike mmeghari ume bụ 15% nke mkpokọta ike site na 2030 yana 50% site na 2050.
Etiti Eshia: Kazakhstan na-ebute ụzọ maka njikọta ike ume ọhụrụ ma bụrụ enyi na ntinye ego ndị China.
Nkwado amụma maka isi mmalite ike ọhụrụ:
(1) Njikọ grid ụzọ na izipu maka ike mmeghari ohuru: Gọọmentị Kazakh chọrọ ka Kazakhstan Power Grid Management Company iji hụ na njikọ grid na mbupu ụzọ maka ike mmeghari ohuru, ma wepụ ụgwọ ndị ọzọ niile ma e wezụga ụgwọ ezi uche dị na ya maka ahịrị dị n'etiti ọrụ ike mmeghari ohuru na ahịrị okporo ụzọ;
(2) Usoro ọnụahịa ịre ahịa PPA na ọkụ eletrik ejikọrọ na-ekwe nkwa ịzụta ya nke ọma: A na-eme ọnụ ahịa ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na-enweghị aha na ntanetị n'ụdị ọrịre nke otu ụlọ ọrụ Kazakhstan Power and Power Market Online Trading System Company. Dabere na nsonaazụ azụmaahịa ahụ, Renewable Energy Financial Settlement Center nke gọọmentị Kazakh hibere nke ọma, dị ka naanị onye na-azụta ike mmeghari ohuru nke gọọmentị Kazakh họpụtara, bịanyere aka na PPA na onye na-ere ahịa na-aga nke ọma wee zụta ọkụ eletrik niile ejikọtara site na mmeghari ohuru. ike IPP n'ime afọ 20 dị ka onye na-apụ apụ;
Nkwado maka itinye ego ndị China: Kazakhstan bụ otu n'ime mba ndị ụlọ ọrụ China chọrọ itinye ego na mba ofesi na Central Asia. Kemgbe e hiwere mmekọrịta mba na mba na 1992, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti China na Kazakhstan na-etowanye nke ọma. Karịsịa, site na atụmatụ nke atụmatụ "Belt na Road", akụkụ abụọ ahụ ejirila nke ọma mejuputa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke itinye ego na ọrụ nkwado ikike.
(1) Mbelata tarifu na mwepu na ntinye aka n'ụdị: Dị ka akwụkwọ ntuziaka Guidance of Industries Encouraged for Investment, ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ debanyere aha dị ka ndị iwu obodo na Kazakhstan ma na-arụ ọrụ ike nwere ikike itinye akwụkwọ maka ma nweta ihe mkpali itinye ego dị ka tarifu. mbelata na nhapụ na enyemaka n'ụdị. Dabere na ego ntinye ego na ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ ahụ, Ministry of Investment and Development nwere ikike ịhapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na mbubata tarifụ maka ihe karịrị afọ 5.
Middle East - Saudi Arabia: Ịzụlite ike ikuku iji belata ịdabere na mmanụ ọkụ, yana ọrụ ndị bụ isi site na ntinye aka ọhaneze gọọmentị
Nkesa akụrụngwa ike ikuku na Saudi Arabia
Mmepe nke ike ikuku na Middle East enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-elekwasị anya n'ọtụtụ mba ndị dị mkpa dị ka Saudi Arabia na Egypt.
Nkezi ọsọ ifufe dị n'ụsọ mmiri kwa afọ na Saudi Arabia bụ ihe dịka 6.0-8.0m/s, na oke ikuku nke dị n'ụsọ osimiri n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke mba ahụ dị elu karịa ọkọlọtọ ikuku ikuku akụ na ụba (7+m/s). N'ime ha, mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, mpaghara etiti na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ niile nwere ikike dị ukwuu maka ịmepụta ike ikuku.
(1) Mmepe nke ike ikuku bụ nke kachasị iji belata ịdabere na mmanụ ọkụ: Saudi Arabia bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebupụ mmanụ n'ụwa, mana ịdabere na mmanụ gabigara ókè ebutela nsogbu dị ka ịdị n'otu nke akụ na ụba na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmepe nke ike ikuku ga-enyere aka nweta ike dị iche iche ma nọgide na-asọmpi na mgbanwe nke ahịa ike ụwa.
(2) Na Disemba 2023, Saudi Arabia kwupụtara na ọ ga-agbakwunye 20GW nke ume ọhụrụ kwa afọ, na ngụkọta ike arụnyere ga-eru 130GW site na 2030.
(3) Arụ ọrụ ike ikuku dị n'okpuru ntinye aka gọọmentị na-emepe emepe: a na-ewepụta ntinye aka nke Dumat Al Jandal 400MW na 2018, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke agba nke anọ nke ọrụ ike ikuku malitere na 2022 ruru 1.8GW.
Middle East - Egypt: ụkọ ọkụ eletrik ama ama yana akụrụngwa ike ikuku dị ukwuu, na-adọta isi nsonye isi obodo nkeonwe.
Nhazi ike ike nke Egypt 2023 na nkesa ọsọ ikuku na 100m elu
Egypt: Ịzụlite ike ikuku na-ebelata ịdabere na ike ebubata. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Ijipt na-amụbawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa eletrik eji na ndụ ndị bi na-amụba ngwa ngwa. N'otu oge ahụ, Egypt ejiriwo ike kwalite ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ume ike, na oriri ọkụ eletrik etoola ngwa ngwa. Site n'echiche nke usoro ike, ike gas sitere n'okike nke Egypt ruru ihe dị ka 84%, na usoro mmepụta ike bụ otu. N'ihi okpomọkụ dị elu na-aga n'ihu ruo afọ 24, mmanụ ọkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ezughị ezu. Anyị kwenyere na Egypt chọrọ ngwa ngwa ịzụlite ike mmeghari ohuru nke mpaghara iji belata ịdabere na ike ebubata ma kwalite nchekwa ike.
Egypt nwere nnukwu ike ikuku. Enwere ọnọdụ ike ikuku dị mma n'akụkụ Ọwara Suez nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-enwe nkezi ikuku ruru 10.5 mita kwa nkeji. Na mgbakwunye, ọzara ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Naịl na akụkụ nke Peninsula Saịnaị nwekwara ike inwe nnukwu mmepe nke ike ikuku.
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 2/3 nke ọrụ ike ikuku na-adọta mmasị n'isi obodo. Gọọmentị Egypt na-ezube ịgbakwunye ihe dị ka 7.2GW nke ike ikuku, nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ ga-etinye ego na mmepe site na New and Renewable Energy Authority (NREA) n'okpuru Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MoE & RE) na mmekorita ya na mba ụwa. ụlọ ọrụ ego, na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke fọdụrụ ga-adọta isi obodo iji sonye na itinye ego.
Na Mee 2022, gọọmentị Egypt nyere ikike njikọ nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ ume atọ, gụnyere UAE ike Masdar na njikọ aka ya Infinity Power na Infinity Energy, yana ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ Egypt Hassan Allam Utilities, itinye ego ijeri US $ 10 iji mepụta ifufe. ugbo nwere ikike nke 10GW.
Africa - South Africa: Nnukwu ọdụ ọkụ dị n'Africa nwere akụrụngwa ike ikuku dị ukwuu yana ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi maka itinye ego ndị China.
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Dị ka onye bụ isi na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik n'Africa, South Africa na-adabere na ike ọkụ na-agba ọkụ. Kemgbe afọ 2018, inye ike na South Africa amachibidoro mmepe akụ na ụba nke ukwuu.
(1) Akụrụngwa - South Africa bara ụba na coal, nwere oke anwụ, mana enweghị mmiri mmiri. Ọ na-adabere na mbubata maka mmanụ na gas. South Africa bụ nnukwu ndị na-emepụta coal n'ụwa, ọkwa 8th n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara mmepụta yana nke atọ n'ihe gbasara oke mbupụ. Ọ bụ ọkwa mbụ na mba Africa n'ihe gbasara akụ coal, na ọtụtụ ebe a na-egwupụta coal dị na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ South Africa. Nkezi nke ikuku na-agba n'ogo 3m na South Africa dị ihe dị ka 100m/s, na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere nnukwu akụ ikuku. Ebe ndị dị n'ime ime obodo nwere ụbara akụ anwụ anwụ, nke dabara na ọkwa mpaghara Klas I na China.
(2) Nkwado gọọmentị maka mmepe nke ume ọhụrụ - Gọọmenti South Africa na-ezube ịbawanye òkè nke ike anyanwụ na ikuku na usoro ike nke mba ahụ ruo 40% site na 2030, gbasaa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmepe ume ọhụrụ ya, na ịkwalite akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya. ike ọkọnọ ike. A na-ebute ọrụ ike ikuku n'ihu ọha site n'aka ndị na-emepụta ike na-ahụ maka ume ọhụrụ (REIPPPP). Ọnụ ego mmeri maka nkeji ise nke ike ikuku bụ 3.2 cents / kWh. Ka emechara ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik arụ ọrụ, a ga-ebuli ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik ha n'elu kwa afọ dịka CPI nke gọọmentị South Africa kwupụtara. N'afọ 2022, abịanyere aka na ọrụ ọhụrụ iri na atọ n'okpuru windo ntinye akwụkwọ REIPPP nke ise, yana ngụkọta arụnyere 13 MW, gụnyere 1,759 MW nke ọrụ ike ikuku dị n'ikpere mmiri.
(3) Saụt Afrịka bụ mba Africa mbụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado China maka nrụkọ ọrụ nke Belt na Road Initiative. Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik nke steeti China enweelarị ahụmahụ na ọrụ ike ikuku na Africa na-ejikọta ego, ihe owuwu na ịrụ ọrụ.
Latin America: Ekesara ike ikuku na Brazil na Colombia, yana nrụnye ikuku-Solar ọhụrụ maka ihe karịrị 50%
Ike ikuku na ike fotovoltaic na-akpata ihe karịrị 50% nke ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ. Ọtụtụ mba Latin America na-adabere kpamkpam na mmanụ ọkụ iji gboo mkpa ume ha. Mmanụ ka bụ isi mmanụ ọkụ, na-aza 40% nke mkpokọta ike na Latin America na Caribbean. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ike mmanụ mmanụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ, ebe ikuku na ike anyanwụ abawanyela nke ukwuu, na-aza ihe karịrị ọkara nke ikike ọhụrụ arụnyere kwa afọ n'ime afọ atọ gara aga.
A na-ekesa akụrụngwa ikuku na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda Brazil, Colombia, wdg Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico na Argentina nwere ikike arụnyere ọhụrụ.
Latin America - Brazil: Asọmpi ọnụ ahịa ike ikuku siri ike, yana nkwado ego gọọmentị na mkpali ụtụ.
(1) Brazil, dị ka akụ na ụba kasị ukwuu na Latin America, tụrụ aro na 2022 na ọ ga-ebelata ikuku ikuku gas site na 50% site na ọkwa 2005 site na 2030.
(2) ume ọhụrụ nwere ihe karịrị 80% nke usoro ike Brazil. Uto nke ike ikuku na-abụkarị n'ihi asọmpi ọnụahịa ya, yana ihe dị ka 80% nke ọrụ ndị ahịa na-emepụta onwe ha.
(3) Akụkụ akụ na ụba - a na-enyefe ụtụ isi maka mbubata na mmepụta nke akụrụngwa ikuku iji belata ụgwọ ọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, gọọmentị abawanyela nnukwu ego itinye ego nke carbon na agba ọhụrụ nke atụmatụ atụmatụ afọ ise, site na ngụkọta nke ijeri US $ 4.4 site na 2024 ruo 2027 ruo ijeri US $ 11.5 site na 2024 ruo 2028, yana oke nke mkpokọta. itinye ego n'otu oge ahụ esiwo na 6% gaa na 11%. N'ime ha, 73% nke ntinye ego ọhụrụ (ihe dị ka ijeri US $ 5.2) ga-eji na mpaghara ọhụrụ dịka ike anyanwụ na ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ osimiri.
Ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ na-atụ anya ịbawanye ahịa ahịa na mba ofesi n'ihi uru ọnụ ahịa.
Ndị Europe na American OEM dị ka Siemens Gamesa na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbada n'ahịa ụlọ Europe na ahịa US. Ndị OEM nke mba ofesi dị ka Siemens Gamesa atụpụtala ịhazi azụmahịa ike ikuku dị n'ụsọ mmiri ma lekwasị anya na ahịa Europe na US n'ọdịnihu.
E jiri ya tụnyere esenidụt, ụlọ ọrụ ikuku ikuku nwere uru ọnụahịa doro anya ma na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebuga n'ahịa Asia, Africa na Latin America. A na-atụ anya na oke ahịa ha ga-abawanye nke ukwuu n'ọdịnihu. N'ịtụ aka na ọnụahịa mbufe nke ụgbọ mmiri ikuku nke Vestas dị n'ụsọ osimiri, ọ ka nọ n'ụzọ bụ isi na ọkwa 7,000 yuan / kw kemgbe 2022, ma gosipụtakwa usoro elu n'ozuzu ya mgbe ọrịa ahụ gasịrị. Ọnụ ego mmeri kachasị elu nke igwe ikuku ikuku dị n'ụsọ mmiri na-ewepu ụlọ elu na June 2024 bụ 1,534 RMB/kw, nke nwere uru ọnụ ahịa doro anya.
